About Tiamulin
Tiamulin is a carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a ethyl acetate group and used as veterinary medicine particularly for pigs and poultry. This product is white or white crystalline powder, odourless, tasteless, to be used for chicken chronic respiratory disease, swine haemophilus pleura pneumonia and mycoplasma pneumonia. It is easily soluble in methanol or ethanol, soluble in water, slightly soluble in acetone, and almost insoluble in hexane. As the swine feed additive drugs can promote weight gain. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae for pigs.
Tiamulin 45%, 80% is used for treatment and prevention of bacterial gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, including dysentery, enzootic pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, proliferative enteropathy in pigs (ileitis), colitis and other infections, caused by pathogens sensitive to tiamulin. It has a role as an antibacterial drug.
Effect of Tiamulin on Poultry & Livestock
Tiamulin is active against gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasmas, and anaerobes, including Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Tiamulin is well absorbed when administered PO. It is labeled for use as an oral medicated feed or water in swine in the US to treat swine dysentery and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia.
When tiamulin is used at therapeutic levels in feed, water or by injection and salinomycin is used at 60 ppm, toxic reactions and deaths occur. The interaction does not occur when the two antibiotics are used concurrently and the tiamulin is used at the recommended prophylactic (30–40 ppm) or growth promotant (11 ppm) levels, and independently of whether the administration is oral or by injection, but only if a gap of 72 hours has elapsed between the last exposure to salinomycin and the first exposure to therapeutic levels of tiamulin and vice versa.
Tiamulin acts by inhibiting protein synthesis at the ribosomal level. In veterinary medicine, tiamulin is used for treatment and attempt to prevent dysentery, pneumonia and mycoplasmal infections in pigs and poultry.
After effects of Tiamulin
Overdoses of tiamulin hydrogen fumarate sometimes can cause transitory salivation, vomiting and an apparent calming effect on the pig. If signs of toxicity occur, discontinue use of medicated water and replace with clean, fresh water.
Tiamulin administered at therapeutic levels is relatively quickly absorbed, metabolized in the liver and eliminated from the body of the bird after a withdrawal period of 72 h and as a result, meat products can be safely consumed. A zero-withdrawal period for eggs has been granted in several European Union states.
Uses of Tiamulin
As a therapeutic antibiotic and semisynthetic derivative of pleuromutilin used in poultry medicine, some of the other vital uses are :
- To fight infections as a therapeutic antibiotic in birds and animals
- It shows small benefits in improving performance in healthy animals
- Effectively used in the treatment of air sacculitis, which is primarily caused by Mycoplasma spp.
- Tiamulin hydrogen fumarate in a lactose carrier, as a 12.5% solution for inclusion in drinking water and
- As a medicated feed premix, commonly 2, 10, and 80% strength
- Tiamulin is highly active in vitro against Mycoplasma strains and gram positive bacteria
- Controlling the hazardous bacterial infections especially in broiler breeders
- Increased feed intake and feed conversion ratio during coadministration of tiamulin and semduramicin